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Anti-Government Militia Organization
Far-Right Militia; Seditious Conspiracy; January 6 Participants
Note: This entry represents an organization listed in the individuals data. The Oath Keepers are a far-right anti-government militia founded in 2009 by Elmer Stewart Rhodes III; a Yale Law School graduate and former Army paratrooper. The organization recruited primarily from current and former military; law enforcement; and first responders; exploiting their oaths of service to defend the Constitution. At its peak; the Oath Keepers claimed approximately 38;000 members. The organization played a central role in the January 6; 2021 Capitol attack; with members forming a military-style "stack" formation to breach the building. Rhodes and other leaders were convicted of seditious conspiracy; the most serious charges brought against any January 6 defendants. Rhodes was sentenced to 18 years in federal prison; the longest January 6 sentence. The organization had previously appeared armed at the Bundy Ranch standoff (2014); Ferguson protests (2014); Sugar Pine Mine standoff (2015); and various state capitols. Internal communications revealed that Rhodes directed members to stockpile weapons at a Virginia hotel as a Quick Reaction Force for January 6; prepared to bring firearms across the Potomac River into Washington D.C. if ordered. The conviction of Oath Keepers leadership for seditious conspiracy represented the first successful federal sedition prosecution in over 25 years.
January 6 seditious conspiracy: members breached the Capitol in military "stack" formation; stockpiled weapons at a Virginia hotel as a Quick Reaction Force
Founder Stewart Rhodes sentenced to 18 years for seditious conspiracy; the longest January 6 sentence and first successful federal sedition prosecution in over 25 years
Recruited from military; law enforcement; and first responders; exploiting their oaths to radicalize them into anti-government extremism
Armed presence at Bundy Ranch standoff (2014); Ferguson protests (2014); and multiple state capitol demonstrations
Internal communications showed planning for armed conflict; with members discussing civil war scenarios and violent resistance to government authority
Organization claimed 38;000 members at peak; including active-duty law enforcement officers raising severe concerns about extremist infiltration of police
3 documented violations
18 U.S.C. § 238418 U.S.C. § 1512(k)18 U.S.C. § 1512(c)(2)Founder; convicted of seditious conspiracy; sentenced to 18 years
Proud Boys leader; separate seditious conspiracy case
2 documented sources from official records, investigations, and reports
2009
Founded by Stewart Rhodes III; a Yale Law graduate and former Army paratrooper
2014
Armed members appeared at Bundy Ranch standoff in Nevada
2014
Members deployed to Ferguson; Missouri during protests
2020
Rhodes and leaders begin planning response to potential 2020 election loss
January 6, 2021
Members breach Capitol in military stack formation; weapons stockpiled at Virginia hotel
January 2022
Stewart Rhodes arrested; charged with seditious conspiracy
November 2022
Rhodes and Kelly Meggs convicted of seditious conspiracy
May 2023
Rhodes sentenced to 18 years; longest January 6 sentence