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FBI Assistant Director, Domestic Intelligence Division (1961-1971)
Head of FBI domestic intelligence who directed COINTELPRO operations and authored the anonymous letter urging Martin Luther King Jr. to commit suicide
William Cornelius Sullivan served as FBI Assistant Director and head of the Domestic Intelligence Division from 1961 to 1971, making him the third most powerful official in the Bureau and the operational commander of COINTELPRO. Sullivan personally directed the FBI's campaigns against civil rights leaders, antiwar activists, and the New Left. He authored or arranged the infamous anonymous letter sent to Martin Luther King Jr. in November 1964 along with surveillance recordings, which the Church Committee later characterized as a clear attempt to drive King to suicide. Sullivan oversaw the infiltration and disruption of the Black Panther Party, the Southern Christian Leadership Conference, Students for a Democratic Society, and dozens of other organizations. After a power struggle with J. Edgar Hoover in 1971, Sullivan was forced out of the FBI. He was shot and killed in an apparent hunting accident on November 9, 1977, just days before he was scheduled to testify before the House Select Committee on Assassinations about FBI involvement in the murders of President John F. Kennedy and Martin Luther King Jr. The circumstances of his death have never been satisfactorily explained.
MLK SUICIDE LETTER: Sullivan personally directed and likely authored the anonymous letter sent to Martin Luther King Jr. in November 1964, accompanied by FBI surveillance tapes. The letter stated: "King, there is only one thing left for you to do. You know what it is. You have just 34 days." The Church Committee concluded this was an unambiguous attempt to drive King to commit suicide.
COINTELPRO COMMANDER: As head of the Domestic Intelligence Division, Sullivan was the operational commander of all COINTELPRO programs from 1961-1971. Under his direction, the FBI infiltrated and disrupted the Black Panther Party, SCLC, SDS, Nation of Islam, American Indian Movement, Communist Party USA, and dozens of other organizations.
BLACK PANTHER OPERATIONS: Directed the FBI's "COINTELPRO-BLACK HATE" program specifically targeting Black nationalist organizations. Approved the use of informants, provocateurs, and psychological warfare operations designed to create violent conflicts between organizations.
MLK SURVEILLANCE PROGRAM: Expanded the FBI's surveillance of Martin Luther King Jr. into the most intensive domestic intelligence operation in Bureau history, including wiretaps on King's phones, bugs in his hotel rooms, and infiltration of the SCLC.
ANTIWAR MOVEMENT TARGETING: Directed COINTELPRO-NEW LEFT operations against antiwar activists and student organizations, including illegal surveillance, infiltration, and disruption campaigns against constitutionally protected political activity.
SUSPICIOUS DEATH: Shot and killed on November 9, 1977, near his home in Sugar Hill, New Hampshire, by a hunter named Robert Daniels Jr. who claimed to have mistaken Sullivan for a deer. This occurred days before Sullivan was to testify before the House Select Committee on Assassinations. The death was ruled accidental despite the timing and Sullivan's knowledge of FBI involvement in the King and Kennedy assassination investigations.
POWER STRUGGLE WITH HOOVER: Engaged in an increasingly bitter power struggle with J. Edgar Hoover in 1970-1971, partly because Sullivan argued the domestic communist threat was exaggerated. After Sullivan was forced out in October 1971, Hoover changed the locks on his office and seized all his files.
WEATHER UNDERGROUND BREAK-INS: Approved and directed warrantless break-ins ("black bag jobs") against Weather Underground members and supporters, the same illegal operations for which Mark Felt and Edward S. Miller were later convicted.
6 documented violations
Rome Statute Article 7(1)(h)Rome Statute Article 7(1)(k)18 U.S.C. 24118 U.S.C. 24218 U.S.C. 251118 U.S.C. 1708FBI Director and superior; Sullivan served as his intelligence chief until their 1971 power struggle
FBI colleague; Felt succeeded to top FBI leadership after Sullivan's removal
Primary target of Sullivan's surveillance and harassment campaign
Black Panther leader killed through intelligence operations Sullivan directed
5 documented sources from official records, investigations, and reports
May 12, 1912
Born in Bolton, Massachusetts
1941
Joins the FBI as a special agent
1961
Appointed Assistant Director heading the Domestic Intelligence Division (Division Five)
1961-1971
Directs all COINTELPRO operations as head of domestic intelligence
1963
Writes memo declaring Martin Luther King Jr. "the most dangerous Negro" in America; recommends FBI "take him off his pedestal"
1964-11
Directs the composition and mailing of the anonymous "suicide letter" to Martin Luther King Jr. along with surveillance recordings
1967
Expands COINTELPRO to target "Black Nationalist-Hate Groups" and "New Left" movements
1969-12-04
FBI intelligence gathered under Sullivan's program facilitates the raid that kills Fred Hampton
1970
Approves warrantless break-ins against Weather Underground supporters
1971-10
Forced out of FBI after power struggle with Hoover; Hoover changes locks on his office and seizes files
1975-1976
Church Committee investigation exposes COINTELPRO; Sullivan's role in MLK operations revealed
1977-11-09
Shot and killed near his home in Sugar Hill, New Hampshire, days before scheduled testimony to House Select Committee on Assassinations; ruled a hunting accident